A | (ECNS) -- The first phase of the middle route of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project had transferred more than 80 billion cubic meters of water to northern China as of Friday, directly benefiting nearly 118 million people, according to the Changjiang Water Resources Commission. The water comes mainly from Danjiangkou Reservoir, where managers balance reservoir inflows, local demand in the Hanjiang River basin, northbound supplies, and downstream ecological needs. This summer, after forecasts pointed to below-normal rainfall, authorities adjusted reservoir operations to retain about 1.5 billion cubic meters more water as a buffer against possible drought. Technology is playing a growing role in monitoring water quality. An AI-powered floating platform works alongside satellites, drones, and ground monitoring stations, feeding data into a digital twin of Danjiangkou Reservoir that tracks water quality, simulates flood scenarios, and supports emergency planning. At Danjiangkou Reservoir, the core water source for the middle route, an autonomous vessel collects samples from different depths to monitor algae. Using AI-powered microscopy, the floating station identifies microorganisms quickly and tracks algal activity, giving early warning of blooms. The vessel is part of an integrated satellite, aerial, surface, and structural monitoring network that combines remote sensing, drones, ground-based stations, and sensors embedded in the dam. By fusing multi-source data in real time, the system has shifted water monitoring "from isolated points to full-area coverage," said Cui Dongdong, deputy director of the technology development department at a company under the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources. With the digital platform, a regulation plan that once took days to produce can now be generated in seconds. The platform runs more than 15 professional models covering flood routing, pollutant dispersion, and dam structure simulation. The 1,432-kilometer middle route canal carries water across the Yangtze, Huai, Yellow, and Hai river basins before it reaches households in the north. Water quality has also improved, and the nationally protected "crystal jellyfish," known as the "giant panda of the water," is now sighted frequently in the reservoir, an indicator of excellent conditions. (By Helen Mo, intern Yang Hongran) 
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在线上平台花6000多元订机票，误将出发日期选错。订票1小时左右，申请退票，商家几乎扣除全部机票费，只退了600元保险费。最近，旅客冯女士的遭遇引起不少关注。
B | 黑猫投诉平台7月发布的报告显示，仅今年上半年，平台就收到关于机场航空公司的投诉近2.7万件，其中“退改费用高”投诉超1.3万件，占比接近一半。报告提到，消费者普遍反映提前7天以上甚至十几天申请退票，仍被平台扣除超过40%甚至90%的票款作为手续费。
C | 机票退票手续费为何这么高?如何推动解决旅客反映的问题?记者采访了中国航空运输协会(以下简称“中国航协”)有关负责人。
D | 
机票、航班座位具有极强时效性、不可存储性、资源独占性三大特征。民航航班的运营资源都是为既定飞行计划提前配置的，飞机调度、航油储备、机组人员排班、空管指挥、机场地勤保障等均有成本，且成本不会因座位空置而减免。一旦航班起飞，机上空置的座位就会失去使用和二次销售价值，属于不可逆的资源消耗。
E | 中国航协有关负责人介绍，目前，国内航空公司普遍实行阶梯式退票收费。旅客越早申请退票，航空公司拥有越充足的时间将空置座位重新投放市场、完成二次销售，退票手续费标准一般相对较低。
F | 建议行程不确定、易变动的旅客选择退改灵活的全价票、高端舱位，更好享受退改权益;行程固定、确定无误的旅客，可选择高折扣优惠机票，遵守适度的退改限制换取出行性价比。
G | 一些旅客反映退票规则看不懂等问题，中国航协有关负责人介绍，阶梯式退票收费在实际落地执行中确实存在一些服务短板：规则公示透明度不足。部分线上平台、销售代理渠道存在规则展示隐蔽问题，如退改条款字体过小、位置隐蔽、专业术语晦涩、默认折叠不展示等;国际机票退改体系复杂。部分外国航空公司扣费规则不公开、费率不透明，销售平台解读不到位;行业缺乏规范标准。国内各家航空公司虽均遵循阶梯收费逻辑，但在具体时间节点、手续费比例、免费退改门槛等细节上存在差异。 针对旅客关注的机票退改服务痛点，中国航协已牵头统筹推进机票退改服务升级优化工作，推出多项举措。
H | 研究出台退改标准，全面提升规则透明度。
I | 中国航协正在牵头制定机票退改专项团体标准，计划今年内正式发布实施。
J | 标准将明确退改要求，所有售票平台、航空公司官方渠道，必须通过醒目字体、弹窗强制提示、专属标识、前置告知等方式，在旅客支付订单前主动公示退改费率、限制条件、免费退改场景，解决规则隐蔽、看不懂、不知情的问题，保障旅客知情权、选择权。 推广优质惠民政策，引导行业服务升级。东航近日率先调整国内客票退改规则，明确自8月6日(含)起销售的国内客票，所有舱位均可在航班离站前14天以上免费自愿退票、变更，打破了折扣票不可免费退改的传统限制。 强化行业合规培训，规范服务执行口径。针对一线客服、票务代理、线上平台工作人员开展常态化专项培训，规范退改规则解读、纠纷处置流程等工作。 攻坚国际机票服务难题，实现跨境规则透明化。
K | 督促国内航空公司和销售平台细化国际航线退改规则，前置风险提示。主动对接外国航空公司，加大协调力度，推动跨境、跨航司退改服务规范化、透明化。
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